[Themaintainers] Fwd: Climate change rots a city - new challenge for maintenance

Sun Sep 4 22:21:35 EDT 2022

Stay sane,

Jonathan

Jonathan Coopersmith
Professor
Department of History
Texas A&M University
College Station, TX  77843-4236
979.739.4708 (cell)
979.862.4314 (fax)

America's "stab in the back"myth:

https://theeagle.com/opinion/columnists/unnerving-similarities-to-jan-6/article_3c85d7d4-6e80-11ec-8411-f3f7258ee938.html

Preserving space archives:  https://www.toboldlypreserve.space/

International standards battles:
https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/geek-life/history/lets-thwart-this-terrible-idea-for-standards-setting
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/geek-life/history/lets-thwart-this-terrible-idea-for-standards-setting__;!!KwNVnqRv!R4dbJx9DOnSkoiNAwXjHq9sp5vMvdGEVtOMlWJUc6AH7iQiRA7bw1VEUYeo6i2St9sgf$>

*FAXED.  The Rise and Fall of the Fax Machine* (Johns Hopkins University
Press)

---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: Bloomberg Green <noreply at mail.bloombergbusiness.com>
Date: Sun, Sep 4, 2022 at 6:01 AM
Subject: Climate change rots a city
To: <j-coopersmith at tamu.edu>

Green x CityLab By Pablo Fernandez CrasInside Amsterdam’s Rijksmuseum,
Rembrandt’s masterpiece The Night Watch appears to be hanging straight, as
do other f ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍ ‍
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By Pablo Fernandez CrasInside Amsterdam’s Rijksmuseum, Rembrandt’s
masterpiece The Night Watch appears to be hanging straight, as do other f
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://link.mail.bloombergbusiness.com/click/28945324.22046/aHR0cHM6Ly9zbGkuYmxvb21iZXJnLmNvbS9jbGljaz9zPTgyNzcwNSZsaT0yODk0NTMyNCZtPWYwOTEwMjNhM2M4ZmMyNzQ4ODc1MTQzYjFiMjVkNDBmJnA9Mjg5NjczNzAmc3RwZT1kZWZhdWx0Jg/5508702a3b35d034698c7de2Bbe56a380__;!!KwNVnqRv!GRN5UXKBwa8RBJnDeDeRruhF4DFOr5fp3BMPWEUy4266y4_RDD8jhqjCa7G9-T2KX6MbfM0VkSv8ORQx0AMmolBuFOmyjBelOA$>
[image: Bloomberg]
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://link.mail.bloombergbusiness.com/click/28945324.22046/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5ibG9vbWJlcmcuY29tL2dyZWVu/5508702a3b35d034698c7de2B279fafaa__;!!KwNVnqRv!GRN5UXKBwa8RBJnDeDeRruhF4DFOr5fp3BMPWEUy4266y4_RDD8jhqjCa7G9-T2KX6MbfM0VkSv8ORQx0AMmolBuFOlsr0w51w$>
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://link.mail.bloombergbusiness.com/click/28945324.22046/aHR0cHM6Ly9zbGkuYmxvb21iZXJnLmNvbS9jbGljaz9zPTgyNzcwOSZsaT0yODk0NTMyNCZtPWYwOTEwMjNhM2M4ZmMyNzQ4ODc1MTQzYjFiMjVkNDBmJnA9Mjg5NjczNzAmc3RwZT1kZWZhdWx0Jg/5508702a3b35d034698c7de2C0334efdd__;!!KwNVnqRv!GRN5UXKBwa8RBJnDeDeRruhF4DFOr5fp3BMPWEUy4266y4_RDD8jhqjCa7G9-T2KX6MbfM0VkSv8ORQx0AMmolBuFOmA1jQeaw$>

*By Pablo Fernandez Cras*
Dutch homes built on wooden piles are rotting after severe drought

Inside Amsterdam’s Rijksmuseum
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://link.mail.bloombergbusiness.com/click/28945324.22046/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucmlqa3NtdXNldW0ubmwvZW4/5508702a3b35d034698c7de2B36d6c654__;!!KwNVnqRv!GRN5UXKBwa8RBJnDeDeRruhF4DFOr5fp3BMPWEUy4266y4_RDD8jhqjCa7G9-T2KX6MbfM0VkSv8ORQx0AMmolBuFOlvYcP0kw$>,
Rembrandt’s masterpiece The Night Watch appears to be hanging straight, as
do other famous works by Vermeer and Van Gogh. While standing outside the
gargantuan red-brick building, however, eagle-eyed engineers noticed the
museum was sinking 15 centimeters (6 inches) to one side.

Like most buildings built before 1970 in this marshy country, the
Netherlands’ national museum rests on a foundation of wooden poles — about
8,000 of them. But as dry summers caused groundwater levels to plunge, the
poles were exposed and fungi began to rot the foundations. It required a
team of specialist hydrogeologists to fix the problem.

While the Dutch have long feared that climate change would see their homes
engulfed by rising sea levels, Europe’s record drought is showing that too
little, not too much water, could spell disaster. As many as one million
Dutch houses built on pile foundations face similar problems to the
Rijksmuseum and are at risk of collapse.
The Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, Netherlands, on Sept. 2. *Photographer: Peter
Boer/Bloomberg*

Only a small group of engineers have the expertise to tackle the issue and
it may cost as much as 100 billion euros ($100 billion) to fix all
households that are sinking due to retreating groundwater, according to
Peter Boelhouwer, professor of housing systems at the Delft University of
Technology. With Europe in the throes of what appears to be its worst
drought
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://link.mail.bloombergbusiness.com/click/28945324.22046/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmxvb21iZXJnLmNvbS9uZXdzL2FydGljbGVzLzIwMjItMDgtMjMvZXVyb3BlLXMtZHJvdWdodC1tYXktYmUtY29udGluZW50LXMtd29yc3QtaW4tYXQtbGVhc3QtNTAwLXllYXJzP2NtcGlkPUJCRDA5MDQyMl9HUkVFTkRBSUxZJnV0bV9tZWRpdW09ZW1haWwmdXRtX3NvdXJjZT1uZXdzbGV0dGVyJnV0bV90ZXJtPTIyMDkwNCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249Z3JlZW5kYWlseQ/5508702a3b35d034698c7de2Bc0958937__;!!KwNVnqRv!GRN5UXKBwa8RBJnDeDeRruhF4DFOr5fp3BMPWEUy4266y4_RDD8jhqjCa7G9-T2KX6MbfM0VkSv8ORQx0AMmolBuFOmwhPFf2A$>
in at least 500 years, the problem may not be confined to the Netherlands,
with wooden pile foundations also used in parts of Sweden, Germany and
extensively in Italy’s Venice.
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The fungi, which need oxygen to survive, “literally eat away the wooden
poles, to the point they lose stability,” said Maarten Kuiper,
a hydrogeologist at engineering company Dareius
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://link.mail.bloombergbusiness.com/click/28945324.22046/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZGFyZWl1cy5jb20v/5508702a3b35d034698c7de2B812d3700__;!!KwNVnqRv!GRN5UXKBwa8RBJnDeDeRruhF4DFOr5fp3BMPWEUy4266y4_RDD8jhqjCa7G9-T2KX6MbfM0VkSv8ORQx0AMmolBuFOnwk69xpQ$>,
which was hired to help save the Rijksmuseum. “They really are slow and
silent killers.”

As a changing climate continues to ravage the continent
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://link.mail.bloombergbusiness.com/click/28945324.22046/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmxvb21iZXJnLmNvbS9uZXdzL2FydGljbGVzLzIwMjItMDgtMjUvZHJvdWdodHMtd2lsZGZpcmVzLWhlYXQtd2F2ZXMtdG8tYmUtZXVyb3BlLXMtc3VtbWVyLWNsaW1hdGUtbm9ybWFsP2NtcGlkPUJCRDA5MDQyMl9HUkVFTkRBSUxZJnV0bV9tZWRpdW09ZW1haWwmdXRtX3NvdXJjZT1uZXdzbGV0dGVyJnV0bV90ZXJtPTIyMDkwNCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249Z3JlZW5kYWlseQ/5508702a3b35d034698c7de2B03c06149__;!!KwNVnqRv!GRN5UXKBwa8RBJnDeDeRruhF4DFOr5fp3BMPWEUy4266y4_RDD8jhqjCa7G9-T2KX6MbfM0VkSv8ORQx0AMmolBuFOmY4Uh1pQ$>,
the Dutch are having to rethink their strategy of water management — trying
to lock in groundwater instead of keeping the sea out.

Kuiper and his team installed an infiltration system at the museum,
directing water from a pond to prevent soil from drying out. “We’re
controlling the groundwater levels via pumps and pipes,” he said. “We’re
measuring it each hour.”

Such a system could be used to protect homes, with a water pump and sensors
installed for housing blocks, said Kuiper. That would reduce the period
that foundations are exposed to the air during dry spells and slow the rot.
Without such remediation, homes could collapse within a decade unless
pilings are replaced, he said.
The groundwater drainage-infiltration system installed at the Rijksmuseum
in Amsterdam, Netherlands, in September 2019. *Photographer: Maarten
Kuiper/Dareius, AvecodeBondt*

For its part, the government has focused on co-funding research and
providing advice to local authorities and an association of affected
homeowners. A new national platform that will centralize and pool knowledge
is due to be launched in the next few months, said Marcus Polman of the
Netherlands Enterprise Agency, which carries out policy for the Ministry of
Economic Affairs and Climate Policy.

The agency said there is a 20-million-euro national fund to help the most
distressed homeowners refit foundations and it hopes that might be
increased by early 2023. But without a massive cash injection, the bill
will continue to lie squarely with homeowners. And without an obligation to
carry out foundation checks before buying a home, many people in the
Netherlands get a surprise bill years into home ownership — at an average
cost of 60,000 to 80,000 euros per house, according to Kuiper.

The insurance sector is unlikely to pay out for refitting foundations
anytime soon. Without government support for such macro climate risks “we
cannot take it upon ourselves as an industry,” said David Knibbe, chief
executive officer of insurer NN Group NV.
A terrace of crooked townhouses in Amsterdam. *Photographer: Peter
Boer/Bloomberg*

Even with adequate funding, a shortage of qualified engineers will slow
down remediation efforts, according to Jaap Estié, president of the Dutch
Foundation Builders’ Association.

“Foundation work is already a niche, so wooden pole foundation work is
really a niche within a niche” said Estié, who estimates there are only
about 25 companies in the Netherlands that can do the work. The capacity
crunch is being compounded by global supply chain snags for building
materials and red-hot construction demand in an already tight housing
market.

The techniques developed in the Netherlands could benefit cities such as
Venice, Gothenburg in Sweden and several cities in the Baltics where pile
foundations are common.

“The Netherlands is a country where water knowledge and management has
always been a very big export product,” Estié said. “If we collect the
knowledge here we could help other parts of the world which face similar
problems.”

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<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://link.mail.bloombergbusiness.com/click/28945324.22046/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmxvb21iZXJnLmNvbS9uZXdzL2FydGljbGVzLzIwMjItMDktMDIvdG8tY29tYmF0LWNhcmJvbi1iZXJsaW4tYmV0cy1vbi1iYXR0ZXJ5LXBvd2VyZWQtYnVzZXM_Y21waWQ9QkJEMDkwNDIyX0dSRUVOREFJTFkmdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fc291cmNlPW5ld3NsZXR0ZXImdXRtX3Rlcm09MjIwOTA0JnV0bV9jYW1wYWlnbj1ncmVlbmRhaWx5/5508702a3b35d034698c7de2B7a813b2b__;!!KwNVnqRv!GRN5UXKBwa8RBJnDeDeRruhF4DFOr5fp3BMPWEUy4266y4_RDD8jhqjCa7G9-T2KX6MbfM0VkSv8ORQx0AMmolBuFOlnEIVcJQ$>
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