[cs631apue] The confusing output of Linux/GNU ls

[zding4]

I find some very confusing output of Linux ls when I play it.

here is the output

zding4 at avatar:~/apue/midterm$ ls -ls
total 52
  1 -rw-r--r--+ 1 zding4 student    37 Oct 13 21:33 Makefile
21 -rwxr-xr-x+ 1 zding4 student 20060 Oct 16 20:02 a.out
  3 -rw-r--r--+ 1 zding4 student  1634 Oct 16 20:04 alink
  3 -rw-r--r--+ 1 zding4 student  1173 Oct 13 14:30 chldlist.c
  1 -rw-r--r--+ 1 zding4 student     0 Oct 14 15:24 dfsf?????????bla.txt
  2 drwxr-xr-x+ 2 zding4 student     2 Oct 16 19:20 empty
  3 -rw-r--r--+ 1 zding4 student  1598 Oct 16 20:04 file2
  2 -rw-r--r--+ 1 zding4 student   748 Oct 12 22:44 l.h
17 -rw-r--r--+ 1 zding4 student 11408 Oct 16 20:25 ls.c
  1 -rw-r--r--+ 1 zding4 student     0 Oct 13 21:47 out
  1 lrwxrwxrwx  1 zding4 student     5 Oct 16 20:12 slink -> file1
  2 d-wx--x--x+ 3 zding4 student     3 Oct 16 18:48 test


first is that
1+21+3+3+1+2+3+2+17+1+1+2 != 52

The size of test directory is only 3 but it takes 2 blocks

Any idea why this happen?

When I implement ls,
The block number is `st_size/BLOCKSIZE`
And the total is the sum of files' block number.